Swiontkowski MF (1994) Current concepts review: intracapsular fractures of the hip. Speer KP, Quarles LD, Harrelson JM, Nunley JA (1991) Tetracycline labeling of the femoral head following acute intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck. Smith LD (1953) Hip fractures: the role of muscle contraction or intrinsic forces in the causation of fractures of the femoral neck. Skinner P, Riley D, Ellery J, Beaumont A, Coumine R, Shafighian B (1989) Displaced subcapital fractures of the femur: a prospective randomized comparison of internal fixation, hemiarthroplasty and total hip replacement. Otremski I, Katz A, Dekel S, Salama R, Newman RJ (1990) Natural history of impacted subcapital femoral fractures and its relevance to treatment options. Nilsson LT, Johansson Å, Strömqvist B (1993) Factors predicting healing complications in femoral neck fractures: 138 patients followed for 2 years. Mathiesen T, Zayer M (1989) A prognostic algorithm for assessment of subcapital femoral neck fractures. Martens M, Van Audekercke R, Mulier JC, Stuyck J (1979) Clinical study on internal fixation of femoral neck fractures. Lindequist S, Wredmark T, Eriksson SAV, Samnegård E (1993) Screw positions in femoral neck fractures. Lausten GS, Hesse B, Thygesen V, Fogh J (1992) Prediction of late complications of femoral neck fractures by scintigraphy. Hunter GA (1980) Should we abandon primary prosthetic replacement for fresh displaced fractures of the neck of the femur? Clin Orthop 152:158–161 Holmberg S, Dalen N (1987) Intracapsular pressure and caput circulation in nondisplaced femoral neck fractures. Hammer AJ (1992) Nonunion of subcapital femoral neck fractures. Garden RS (1961) Low-angle fixation in fractures of the femoral neck. J Bone Joint Surg 58:2–24įrandsen PA, Andersen E, Madsen F, Skjødt T (1988) Garden's classification of femoral neck fractures: an assessment of inter-observer variation. Acta Orthop Scand 63:639–644īarnes R, Brown JT, Garden RS, Nicoll EA (1976) Subcapital fractures of the femur: a prospective review. Acta Orthop Scand 62:422–426Īlho A, Benterud JG, Rønningen H, Høiseth A (1992) Prediction of disturbed healing in femoral neck fracture: radiographic analysis of 149 cases. Clin Orthop 257:129–133Īlho A, Benterud JG, Rønningen H, Høiseth A (1991) Radiographic prediction of early failure in femoral neck fracture. It was also confirmed that union was promoted, if the cranial fragment was reduced to a valgus position and the medial cortical bones were aligned as much as possible at the time of osteosynthesis.Īlberts KA, Jervaeus J (1990) Factors predisposing to healing complications after internal fixation of femoral neck fracture: a stepwise logistic regression analysis. The distance of medial displacement between fragments before reduction proved the most important factor in making a choice between osteosynthesis and primary arthroplasty, and it was revealed that osteosynthesis could not be expected to provide union if the distance was 20 mm or more. These were: the distance of medial displacement between fragments before reduction the varus angle after reduction and the distance of medial displacement between fragments after reduction. Three radiographic factors were selected by a stepwise method according to the effect they had on union. Eleven presumably predictive factors measured on X-ray films obtained from these patients before and immediately after operation were taken as independent variables. Union and non-union groups were the dependent variables. These 82 patients were included in a discriminant analysis. After 82 patients underwent osteosynthesis with multiple pinning for a displaced intracapsular femoral neck fracture, 58 fractures were united, and 24 were not.
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